人性的局限性与可塑性 ——论菲利普·基切尔对社会生物学的人性观批判

社会生物学依循"威尔逊阶梯"的总体思路,运用广义适合度、进化稳定策略、博弈论分析等概念或方法来刻画与界定人性.通过细致分析,基切尔揭示了社会生物学在探求人性过程中犯下的一系列方法论谬误,并在研究结论中混杂了大量迎合新右翼政治立场的阶级偏见、种族偏见与性别偏见.基切尔试图表明,尽管人性在基因制约下有其局限性,但人性依旧可以在这种约束条件下得到重塑与改进.社会生物学对人性固定性的仓促论证,并不足以说服人们放弃让人类社会变得更加公正与平等的种种努力.     

我国《民法典》中优良家风条款的规范效力

优良家风进入民法典，可有效化解婚姻家庭法独特的社会化要求与其并入民法典后的社会化相对不足之间的矛盾。优良家风条款通过导入家庭在身份法上的主体地位、明确家庭关系中行为正当性判断的公共秩序范围与来源，以及制衡婚姻家庭法的财产法化倾向，可有效反映婚姻家庭法的伦理性。优良家风条款的效力构成包含了旨在规制家庭权力、社会权力与国家权力的组织规范效力，以及推动道德教化的倡导性规范效力，但其核心是引导司法过程的行为规范与裁判规范效力。在具体适用上，应着重实现优良家风在处理监护人“失管失教”与家庭成员造成外部损害之间的关联性证明、在合理维护家庭稳定与个人自由之间的平衡，在限制假借身份行为谋取不当财产利益行为的功利性效力，以及在创设基于优良家风的独立法益等方面的规范功能。     

Water and the History of China*

Water is the source of all life, and is closely related to human civilization. It had a special significance in China, so the ancient Chinese created the dragon god as a symbol of China, the Chinese and Chinese civilization. It can be said that the unique hydrological conditions on the territory of China created three great historical miracles: China, the Chinese people, and Chinese civilization. The Chinese have dedicated more effort than people in any other countries to water control and water use in order to make effective use of water resources and prevent flooding. It is their unparalleled achievements that have laid the foundation for these three miracles. Today, the Chinese people are facing unprecedented challenges in water control and water use. Exploring the historical Chinese relationship with water offers a good opportunity to understand the important role that water plays in long-term social development.     

边疆人类学概述

人类学家关于边疆和边界的研究包括将内涵和认同层面存在差异的各个世界分离和联系起来的文化边疆，标示出地理空间的边疆以及形塑社会关系秩序和界定“社群”（community）成员资格的边疆。这些文化、领土和社会维度常常交叠在一起，构成了一个整体性的边疆人类学。目前，社会科学已经逐步将对边疆关注的焦点聚集到其关系性和动态性两个方面，不再将其视为政治边缘，而是嵌入到日常生活中，这也是人类学长期坚持的一种探索路径。     

Female fertility history and mid-late-life health: Findings from China

China’s middle-aged and older women suffer from poorer health than men. Using national baseline data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a survey conducted from 2011 to 2012, this article applies logistic models to investigate the association between female fertility history (parity, early childbearing, late childbearing) and middle-aged and late-life health. We find that parity is related to the mid-late-life health of women. Women with four children or more are more likely to suffer from activities of daily living (ADL) impairment and poorer self-rated health than those with one to three children. Early childbearing is associated with ADL impairment; however, the correlation is mediated by socioeconomic status. Early childbearing is related to self-rated health in later life by an indirect-only mediation effect via educational attainment and personal income.     

承揽合同之工作物受领问题——以中国台湾地区为视角

承揽工作物的受领,在中国台湾地区由于"民法"没有认为是定作人的义务,在"政府采购法"上虽然有规定,却因为契约约定将受领与验收画同等号,常有定作人迟迟不办理验收情况.又欠缺德国民法及VOB/B第12条第2项,承揽人得请求定作人就部分完成之工作,分别受领之约定,使承揽人暴置于现金流量不足的风险.从比较法的角度,讨论德国、瑞士及FIDIC新红皮书之规定,作为解决困境之参考.     

Vocational Status,Hukou and Housing Migrants in the New Century: Evidence from a Multi-city Study of Housing Inequality

In the 1960s and 1970s, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union experienced an unanticipated stagnation in the process of mortality reduction that was accelerating in the west. This was followed by even starker fluctuations and overall declines in life expectancy during the 1980s and 1990s. We identify statistically the extent to which, since the 1990s, the countries of the post-communist region have converged as a group towards other regional or cross-regional geopolitical blocks, or whether there are now multiple steady-states (‘convergence clubs’) emerging among these countries. We apply a complex convergence club methodology, including a recursive analysis, to data on 30 OECD countries (including 11 post-communist countries) drawn from the Human Mortality Database and spanning the period 1959–2010. We find that, rather than converging uniformly on western life expectancy levels, the post-communist countries have diverged into multiple clubs, with the lowest seemingly stuck in low-level equilibria, while the best performers (e.g. Czech Republic) show signs of catching-up with the leading OECD countries. As the post-communist period has progressed, the group of transition countries themselves has become more heterogeneous and it is noticeable that distinctive gender and age patterns have emerged. We are the first to employ an empirical convergence club methodology to help understand the complex long-run patterns of life expectancy within the post-communist region, one of very few papers to situate such an analysis in the context of the OECD countries, and one of relatively few to interpret the dynamics over the long-term.     

“围城”中的“历史人”——论李梅亭与霍华德·科克形象的伦理悖论及镜鉴意义

《围城》与《历史人》都是著名校园讽刺小说.其代表人物李梅亭与霍华德·科克都是生活在动荡时期相对平静的大学校园“围城”中的高级知识分子,他们在日常生活中言与行的矛盾、表与里的抵牾,在职场生涯中道貌岸然的显性身份表象与其庸俗无聊、滑稽可笑的隐性角色扮演形成的伦理悖论,无疑具有强烈的喜剧效果和深刻的反讽性质.由于人物所处经济、政治、文化背景不同,其伦理悖论又各具特点,李梅亭身上散发出陈腐的朱熹式伪道学气息,霍华德·科克则是在激进外表下包裹着极端利己主义.李梅亭与霍华德·科克形象蕴含的伦理悖论在知识分子中具有一定典型性,其形象既为历史存照,也对今天重塑大学灵魂、重塑知识分子健全人格具有一定镜鉴意义.